>>> from collections import deque >>> d = deque('ghi') # make a new deque with three items >>> for elem in d: # iterate over the deque's elements ... print(elem.upper()) G H I
>>> d.append('j') # add a new entry to the right side >>> d.appendleft('f') # add a new entry to the left side >>> d # show the representation of the deque deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])
>>> d.pop() # return and remove the rightmost item 'j' >>> d.popleft() # return and remove the leftmost item 'f' >>> list(d) # list the contents of the deque ['g', 'h', 'i'] >>> d[0] # peek at leftmost item 'g' >>> d[-1] # peek at rightmost item 'i'
>>> list(reversed(d)) # list the contents of a deque in reverse ['i', 'h', 'g'] >>> 'h'in d # search the deque True >>> d.extend('jkl') # add multiple elements at once >>> d deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l']) >>> d.rotate(1) # right rotation >>> d deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k']) >>> d.rotate(-1) # left rotation >>> d deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])
>>> deque(reversed(d)) # make a new deque in reverse order deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g']) >>> d.clear() # empty the deque >>> d.pop() # cannot pop from an empty deque Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in -toplevel- d.pop() IndexError: pop from an empty deque
>>> d.extendleft('abc') # extendleft() reverses the input order >>> d deque(['c', 'b', 'a'])
接下来,介绍一些deque的使用方法
有界长度deques提供类似于Unix中的tail过滤器的功能:
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deftail(filename, n=10): 'Return the last n lines of a file' withopen(filename) as f: return deque(f, n)
defroundrobin(*iterables): "roundrobin('ABC', 'D', 'EF') --> A D E B F C" iterators = deque(map(iter, iterables)) while iterators: try: whileTrue: yieldnext(iterators[0]) iterators.rotate(-1) except StopIteration: # Remove an exhausted iterator. iterators.popleft()